A hydraulic tire excavator uses a diesel engine or electric motor to drive two hydraulic main pumps, generating high-pressure oil that is delivered to a multi-way valve. This oil is then controlled by a pilot control valve and then sent through the multi-way valve to the relevant hydraulic actuators (such as hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors), driving the corresponding mechanisms. The operation of the working device typically requires two or more complex movements, as well as the combined movement of the boom and arm, to fully utilize engine power and shorten the operating cycle. Wheeled excavators typically use a hydraulic-mechanical transmission. High-pressure oil flows from the center rotor to the travel hydraulic motor, directly driving the gearbox. This is then transferred through the drive shaft and drive axle to drive the vehicle. Wheeled excavators generally have two travel speeds: low for working speed and high for road speed.
Travel Power: Diesel engine → coupling → hydraulic pump → distribution valve → travel motor → reduction gearbox → drive wheels → achieves movement.
Swing Motion: Diesel engine → coupling → hydraulic pump → distribution valve → swing motor → reduction gearbox → slewing bearing → achieves rotation.
Working Attachment (boom, arm, bucket): Diesel engine → coupling → hydraulic pump → distribution valve → corresponding cylinders → achieves excavation, loading, and other actions.
Structural Composition
A wheeled excavator primarily consists of a power unit (diesel engine), working attachments (boom, arm, bucket), a slewing platform, a travel system (tires or tracks), and a hydraulic transmission system. The electrical system controls operations, while the hydraulic system provides power. These components work together to accomplish excavation and movement.
