Common single-bucket loaders are classified based on engine power, transmission type, travel system structure, and loading method.
1. Engine Power: ① Loaders with power less than 74 kW are small loaders. ② Loaders with power between 74 and 147 kW are medium loaders. ③ Loaders with power between 147 and 515 kW are large loaders. ④ Loaders with power greater than 515 kW are extra-large loaders.
2. Transmission Type: ① Hydro-mechanical transmission: Reduces shock and vibration, extends transmission component life, is easy to operate, and automatically adjusts between vehicle speed and external load. It is generally used in medium- and large-sized loaders. ② Hydraulic transmission: Provides stepless speed regulation and ease of operation, but has poor starting performance and is generally only used in small loaders. ③ Electric transmission: Provides stepless speed regulation, reliable operation, and simplified maintenance, but is more expensive. It is generally used in large loaders.
3. Travel Structure: ① Tire-type: Lightweight, fast, maneuverable, efficient, and less prone to road damage. However, it has a high ground contact pressure and poor maneuverability, but is widely used. ② Track-type: Low ground contact pressure, good maneuverability, a low center of gravity, good stability, strong adhesion, high traction, and high specific cutting force. However, it has a low speed, relatively poor maneuverability, high cost, and is prone to road damage during travel.
4. Loading and Unloading Methods: ① Front-type: Simple structure, reliable operation, and good visibility, suitable for a variety of work sites and widely used. ② Rotary-type: The working device is mounted on a 360° rotating turntable. Side-unloading does not require reversing, resulting in high efficiency. However, it has a complex structure, heavy weight, high cost, and poor lateral stability, making it suitable for confined sites. ③ Rear-type: Front-loading and rear-unloading, high efficiency, but less safe.
